WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW: What is Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP)? PJP is a lung infection caused by the Pneumocystis jiroveci fungus. PJP is most often seen in people with a weak immune system. PJP is an opportunistic infection. This means that when your immune system is not working well, it cannot fight off the fungus. What causes PJP? You may have been born with the fungus, but only get sick when your immune system becomes weak. You may get the germs that cause PJP from other people, or from your surroundings. People with healthy immune systems may get PJP germs and have no symptoms or problems. Any of the following may increase your risk for PJP: - Conditions that weaken your immune system, such as cancer, HIV infection, and lupus
- Defects in your genes that weaken your immune system
- Certain medicines, such as immunosuppressant and steroid medicines
- Malnutrition that weakens your immune system
What are the signs and symptoms of PJP? If you have AIDS, you may have worsening breathing problems or fast breathing. You may have a worsening cough with or without mucus. You may also have a fever, chills, weakness, or fatigue. If you do not have AIDS, you may have any of the following: - Fever or chest pain
- Dry cough that may progress to a cough with mucus
- Trouble breathing
- Fast breathing and heartbeat
How is PJP diagnosed? Your healthcare provider will ask about your medical history. He will do a physical exam and tests to check for other medical conditions. You may also need any of the following: - Blood tests are used to check your blood for signs of infection.
- A sputum sample may be tested for the fungus that causes PJP.
- X-ray or CT scan pictures may be taken of your lungs and your airway. The pictures may be used to check for damage or other problems.
How is PJP treated? If you have other medical conditions and poor health, you will need to stay in a hospital for treatment. Your healthcare provider will treat conditions that weaken your immune system. You may need to stop taking certain medicines or getting treatments that weaken your immune system. You may need any of the following: - Antibiotics prevent or fight a bacterial infection.
- Steroids help reduce swelling. This may help you breathe more easily.
- Extra oxygen may be needed to help you breathe easier. It may be given through a plastic mask over your mouth and nose, or it may be given through nasal prongs. These are short, thin tubes that rest just inside your nose.
When should I seek immediate care? - You cough up blood.
- You have severe pain in your chest or trouble breathing.
- Your lips or fingernails turn blue.
When should I contact my healthcare provider? - You have a fever.
- You have chills, or feel weak or achy.
- You have new signs or symptoms.
- You have trouble sleeping.
- Your skin is itchy, or you have a rash.
- You have questions or concerns about your condition or care.
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