WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW: What is meconium aspiration syndrome? Meconium is a baby's first bowel movement. Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) develops when the baby aspirates (breathes in) meconium. This usually happens while he is still in the womb but may happen during or shortly after birth. MAS ranges from mild to life-threatening. What causes MAS? Your baby may take deep breaths while he is still in the womb. This is a normal part of a baby's development and happens near the end of pregnancy. Your baby may gasp if he is not getting enough oxygen through the umbilical cord. He breathes in amniotic fluid when he takes deep breaths or gasps. If meconium is in the amniotic fluid, he may breathe it in along with the fluid. The meconium may block his airway and prevent him from breathing, or it may irritate his lungs. The following may increase your baby's risk for MAS: - Difficult delivery, problems with the umbilical cord, or delivery past the due date
- Health problems in the mother, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or gallstones
- Cigarette smoking by the mother during pregnancy
What are the signs and symptoms of MAS? - Meconium or green streaks in the amniotic fluid
- Skin that is blue from lack of oxygen, or green from being stained by meconium
- Grunting, trouble breathing, fast breathing, or no breathing
- Slow heartbeat
- Limpness, or a low Apgar score (used to rate a newborn's health)
How is MAS diagnosed? Healthcare providers may insert a scope into your baby's throat to check for meconium. His blood may be tested for the amount of oxygen it contains. An x-ray may be used to find signs of meconium on your baby's lungs. Healthcare providers will watch your baby for signs of MAS for the first 24 hours after he is born. How is MAS treated? Your baby may not need treatment if he is breathing well and his heartbeat is strong. He may need any of the following if he is having trouble breathing, is limp, or has a weak heartbeat: - Suction to remove meconium from his airway
- Antibiotics to help treat a bacterial infection
- Oxygen or certain medicines if he is having trouble breathing
What can I do to help prevent MAS in a future pregnancy? Manage health conditions that can increase the risk for MAS. Tell healthcare providers if you see meconium in your water when it breaks during labor. They will monitor your baby closely during delivery. When should I contact my baby's healthcare provider? - You have questions or concerns about your baby's condition or care.
When should I seek immediate care or call 911? - Your baby is not breathing or is having trouble breathing.
- Your baby's skin or nails look blue.
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