Urine morphine measurement

Holler JM, Bosy TZ, Klette KL, et al: Comparison of the Microgenics CEDIA heroin metabolite (6-AM) and the Roche Abuscreen ONLINE opiate immunoassays for the detection of heroin use in forensic urine samples. J Anal Toxicol 2004; 28(6):489-493.

McCooeye MA, Ells B, Barnett DA, et al: Quantitation of morphine and codeine in human urine using high-filed asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) with mass spectrometric detection. J Anal Toxicol 2001; 25(2):81-87.

Smith ML, Shimomura ET, Summers J, et al: Urinary excretion profiles for total morphine, free morphine, and 6-acetylmorphine following smoked and intravenous heroin. J Anal Toxicol 2001; 25(7):504-514.

Paul BD, Shimomura ET, & Smith ML: A practical approach to determine cutoff concentrations for opiate testing with simultaneous detection of codeine, morphine, and 6-acetylmorphine in urine. Clinical Chemistry 1999; 45(4):510-519.